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How to Choose the Best ADHD Medication for Adults With Anxiety and Depression
If someone has ADHD and anxiety or depression, treating one condition often improves the other. Mental health professionals usually prescribe antidepressants or a stimulant for depression, along with an ADHD medication.
Wellbutrin (bupropion), and Effexor, (venlafaxine), are two of the most popular antidepressants that are prescribed for ADHD "off-label". These medications increase the levels of neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine. They also improve concentration.
1. Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is also known as the brand name Ritalin is the first-choice medication to treat adults with ADHD and anxiety or depression. It's part of a class of medications called central nervous system stimulants and works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances within your brain. It is available as a tablet, liquid chewable tablets, or extended-release capsules. It is also available through the skin.
It is not unusual for people with ADHD also to be afflicted by mood disorders like depression or anxiety. It is crucial to inform your doctor if suffer from depression or anxiety because certain medications, including stimulants, can cause them to get worse. In certain instances it is possible to take both an anti-anxiety medication and a stimulant medication.
Methylphenidate can cause headaches and stomachaches. It may also raise your heart rate and blood pressure and you should make regular appointments with your physician to monitor these. It can also cause facial ticks (uncontrollable, rapid movements of the face). People suffering from phenylketonuria (a genetic disorder) who have trouble metabolizing the chemical phenylalanine shouldn't take it. It is also unsafe to take during pregnancy or breastfeeding, so you should inform your doctor whether you are expecting or planning to become pregnant.
You shouldn't operate machinery while taking methylphenidate. It can cause dizziness and blurred vision. Drink plenty of fluids when taking this medication. If you experience difficulty swallowing tablets, consult your doctor about extended-release capsules or orally disintegrating tablets. Do not crush or chew on these medications. If you are having difficulty eating solid food, ask your physician about liquid medicines that can be mixed into soft food or drinks, such as applesauce pudding, or yogurt.
2. Lisdexamfetamine
Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is an anthelminthic medication that belongs to the family of central nerve system stimulants. It affects the amount of certain natural substances within the brain. It is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults as well as children aged six years and over. It is sometimes used to treat binge-eating disorder in adults.
Adults suffering from ADHD typically suffer from comorbid anxiety and depression. The treatment of these conditions is important to aid people in feeling better and do their best at work and home. Certain medications commonly used to treat mental health issues can interact with ADHD medication, which is why it is important to be open about any other medical issues that you may have.
Depression and anxiety are both complex conditions, as they involve many symptoms. Antidepressants such as Wellbutrin, Effexor, or Venlafaxine are commonly prescribed to treat these conditions. They can also improve focus and concentration for those with ADHD/ADHD. They work by increasing certain neurotransmitters within the brain. They are not at risk for abuse and misuse.
The medication showed promising results in studies involving people suffering from ADHD or depression, anxiety or ADHD. It helped reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression and also improved ADHD ratings and executive function measurements. It was also safe to use.
Tell your doctor about any other medications are being taken, such as MAO inhibitors, such as isocarboxazid and linezolid, Methylene blue (Nardil) or phenelzine selegiline, Emsam (Zelapar), or tranylcypromine. These medications should not be consumed for 14 days following the use of the administration of lisdexamfetamine. Consult your physician if you have an allergy to lisdexamfetamine, or any other ingredients in this medication for adhd and depression.
3. Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine, also called Strattera, is a nonstimulant ADHD medication that is used to treat depression. It is believed to work by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter. By increasing levels of this chemical in the brain, the drug increases alertness and decreases anxiety and depressive symptoms. This medication should not, however, be used on its own to treat anxiety disorders. Instead, it is recommended that a person receives treatment from a certified psychiatrist and/or therapist.
There have been a variety of studies that have been conducted to examine the effects of atomoxetine on patients with ADHD and anxiety disorders. These studies include nine controlled studies that are randomized and two post-hoc analyses of subgroups. In most instances the results showed that atomoxetine was superior to placebo on both measures of symptom improvement and cognitive function. It is important to remember that the sample size of these studies was small.
The medication can cause some adverse effects, including abdominal pain and a rapid heart rate. These side effects are usually minimal and aren't a problem for anyone who takes this medication. In some cases, people who take atomoxetine report thoughts of suicide. These thoughts were observed in short-term clinical trials of adolescents and children who took the drug. These trials didn't result in suicides.
Like stimulants, atomoxetine may also be effective in treating comorbid ADHD and anxiety. In a recent study the atomoxetine medication was more effective than a placebo when treating adults suffering from social anxiety disorder and ADHD. This is a promising result that suggests that this medication could be effective in treating ADHD and anxiety when combined with other treatments for both disorders. It will take further research to determine if atomoxetine is also effective for other types of comorbid anxiety disorders.
4. Bupropion
Bupropion, a nonstimulant drug increases the chemical noradrenaline in the brain. This chemical is responsible for sending messages between brain cells. Its increase can assist in focusing and controlling impulses. This medication is typically prescribed in capsule form and is taken every day, either once or twice by your doctor. There are also some serious side effects like suicidal thoughts or liver damage.
Anxiety is a condition that causes intense, persistent fear and restlessness. It can trigger symptoms such as headaches, stomachaches, shortness in breath, and feelings such as dread or fear. People suffering from anxiety disorders often struggle to manage their symptoms, despite attempts to reduce them.
People suffering from ADHD can develop anxiety, as well. The condition can cause issues with relationships and emotions as well as a lack of self-esteem. Untreated ADHD symptoms, like forgetfulness and impulsiveness, can cause feelings of frustration and inability.
Stimulants like methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine can ease anxiety symptoms, as can non medication treatment for adhd-stimulant medications like atomoxetine (Strattera) and viloxazine (Qelbree). High blood pressure medications such as clonidine, (Kapvay), and guanfacine, (Intuniv or Tenex) can also be used to treat ADHD in adults. However, these drugs work differently from stimulants.
While antidepressants aren't approved by the FDA to treat ADHD Your doctor could prescribe them on their own or in conjunction along with a stimulant. However, they are typically not prescribed to children and teens. Psychotherapy is a different treatment option. This involves talking with an expert in mental health, and is sometimes effective for treating adhd without medication anxiety and ADHD together. Changing your routine and lifestyle can help manage these disorders. For instance, you could try yoga or meditation, managing sleep and stress and incorporating physical exercise in your daily routine.
5. Tricyclic antidepressants
A mental health professional may suggest antidepressants as part of your treatment. They aren't approved by the FDA to treat ADHD however they can occasionally improve symptoms of depression and anxiety when taken in conjunction with stimulants. Antidepressants work by increasing levels of serotonin as well as norepinephrine in your brain, which can improve symptoms of depression as well as anxiety. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibiters, such as fluoxetine(Prozac), citalopram(Celexa), and escitalopram(Lexapro) boost the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in your brain to improve your mood and decrease anxiety. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors -- such as mirtazapine (Remeron) and nefazodone (Serzone) -- also lift your mood by increasing the amount of norepinephrine and serotonin that your brain's chemical messengers release. Tricyclic antidepressants were originally developed to treat schizophrenia, but they were later discovered to have potent antidepressant effects. These medications include amitriptyline, nortriptyline and imipramine.
Tricyclics can also help sleep, reduce blood pressure and reduce a person’s sensitivity to sound. Tricyclics can cause sleepiness. Patients taking them should not drive or operate dangerous equipment until they know what reaction they'll have to the medication.
Many lifestyle changes can help improve your ADHD and anxiety symptoms, including exercising, getting enough sleep and eating a balanced diet rich in whole fruits, grains and vegetables. Mindfulness-based practices and other types of therapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy can reduce stress and increase happiness. If you're struggling with managing your anxiety and ADHD, Klarity can connect you with licensed professionals for easy, cost-free online mental health services. Find out more about our services, and then make an appointment today.