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Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction
A ramp for wheelchairs is a vital tool for helping your loved ones live at home independently. However, if they aren't designed correctly, they can be dangerous to use.
ADA regulations require level landings at all changes in direction to prevent compound slopes. They also must provide a surface that is gripping for wheelchair users.
Design
The ramp's design must meet the Americans with Disabilities Act standards to allow wheelchairs to move around the structure easily. The ramp slope can't exceed a ratio of 1:12, and the landings should be level at any change in direction or shift in the ramp's surface. It must also be constructed from treated lumber which is more durable and withstands rain better than untreated lumber.
The ramp's top and bottom should be free of obstacles, such as trees or bushes, as well as other structures that could interfere with the user's safe passage. The ramp's surface should also be non-slip and hard. Some municipalities require that the entire ramp be covered with an anti-slip surface.
For the frame of the ramp, use treated lumber that is at least 4 inches wide. Build posts to secure the ramp, making sure they are at least eight feet apart and that they extend below ground level. Spindles are the best way to connect the posts to the railings of the ramp. This type of connection decreases the chance of a ramp user falling off the side.
Next, construct the ramp's frame with beams of 2 by 4 inches in length and Joists that are at least 16 inches long. Make sure that the joists are a minimum of 18 inches above the ground and that they are secured with joist hangers, which are nails that bind the inside of the joists to prevent them from sliding out of alignment. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer.
Include an upper landing in the doorway to ensure the wheelchair-bound occupants are able to easily maneuver the doorswing. The landing should be wide enough to allow at least 12 to 24 inches of "elbow room" on the handle side of out-swing doors. For in-swing doors the landing should be at minimum 58 by 60 inches to allow for the threshold of the door threshold ramps for wheelchairs and a person in wheelchair threshold ramp for sliding glass door who has to walk backwards through the doorway.
Install a level landing whenever you change in the direction of the ramp to prevent the requirement for wheelchairs to step on their brakes as they turn corners. A level landing also allows you to move the ramp out of the way if necessary to allow lawnmowers or other equipment can pass underneath it.
Materials
Aluminium Ramp for wheelchair, concrete, or wood can be used to construct a wheelchair ramp. A professional ramp installation company can assist you in deciding which is best for your home or business. It is crucial to think about your budget and needs when choosing the materials for the ramp. The ramp should be easy to maintain and should be safe to use. Some cities require that the ramp be covered with a non-slip surface.
Before you purchase any building materials or begin building, be sure that you have the necessary permits from your local government, and ensure that you adhere to all building codes within your area. The wrong materials or construction techniques could create hazardous conditions for wheelchair-users. You can find current construction requirements in your local building department of the government or library, or on the internet.
Wood ramps are usually the most affordable of ADA ramp materials, but they require more care than other alternatives. Wood ramps need to be treated regularly with an adhesive to prevent the onset of rot. Wood can splinter, which can be especially hazardous for people in wheelchairs. Wood ramps may also require additional support in order to keep the structure in place.
Concrete temporary ramps for wheelchairs are extremely durable and long-lasting however they can be costly. They are heavy, which means more labor is required to put in ramps and may make it difficult to move the ramp when it is no longer required. Concrete ramps can withstand the weight of heavy power wheelchairs.
Aluminum ramps weigh less than concrete or steel, but they have the same strength and resistance to corrosion. They are also cheaper than steel or iron, which makes them a great option for those on a tight budget. Aluminum is also eco-friendly, since it is naturally found in the earth's crust and can be recycled.
The upper ramp's landing needs to be at least 3/8 inch of the threshold in order to allow the front wheels of smaller wheelchairs to cross it without getting stuck. Ramps that have a gap greater than this will not be able to meet ADA standards. It is also important to ensure that the ramp is smooth transitioning from the upper landing to the ground. The last section of the ramp should be a a beveled transition to avoid the abrupt stop of wheelchairs as they enter or exit the dwelling.
Installation
A wheelchair ramp is an inclined plane that is erected as an addition or instead of steps. It allows wheelchair users as well as those who use carts or strollers to access areas that are otherwise difficult to access.
When choosing a wheelchair accessible ramp, there are a variety of factors to consider, including the location, height, and cost. Ideally, a ramp should be placed near the door as possible to prevent unnecessary transportation. It should be placed at a level where the person using it can easily navigate. It should be securely anchored to the floor and clear of any obstructions such as trees, cars parked or other obstacles.
ADA regulations stipulate that ramps should have handrails on either side. The rails should be at least 36" apart and have smooth or rounded gripping surface. They should also be connected to the edge of the ramp, and extend 12 inches beyond the ramp. If a ramp has switchbacks or an L-shaped layout, handrails must be in continuous use between the ramp runs.
The length of the ramp is determined by its incline. However, there are some standard ramp types which can be used in all situations. For instance the threshold ramp is placed flush along the lip of a curb, or the threshold of a doorway, while ramps that are portable aluminum folding wheelchair ramps can be moved from one spot to another and come in a variety of sizes. There are also aluminum ramps that are modular that can be built on-site. They are typically used for public or commercial spaces, and are typically larger than the threshold and portable ramps.
Consult with your city's building department to determine whether a permit is required for a permanent ramp. Also, you should consult an expert in mobility about the kind of ramp that is best for your needs and space. In some cases installing permanent ramps could boost the value of your house.
Maintenance
It is essential to ensure that your wheelchair ramp is well maintained, especially if will be using it often. You'll need to perform regular inspections and address any structural issues as they occur. This will ensure that the ramp is in compliance with all ADA requirements, and is safe for the users.
Wooden ramps require frequent cleaning to get rid of dirt and debris that can obstruct access. Keep the ramp clean to avoid moisture from accumulating under the surface. This can cause rot. Wood preservatives and stains only work effectively only if the ramp is clean before application.
Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other types of ramps because they are more likely to experience wear and tear. It is crucial to have the right tools. To make sure that all fixings are secure and tight, you will need an excellent set of screwdrivers as well as gauge spanners. It's also important to check regularly the handrails to ensure they are in good working order and are free of damage or corrosion. As time passes, and with repeated use, it's possible for some of the bolts or fittings that are anchored the handrails to become loose. This could pose a safety concern for anyone who uses the ramp.
It is also essential to ensure that the surface of the ramp is sufficiently grippy, especially in winter when the conditions can be challenging. You'll need to sweep up any dirt, leaves or other debris that could block the ramp and cause slippage. In addition, you'll want to apply a non-corrosive ice melt on the ramp surface before winter arrives to prevent slips and causing injury.
Think about buying "snow tires" or traction wheels for your wheelchair if you intend to use it during the winter. These wheels are made to better track on slippery and snowy surfaces. They can help you remain on your ramp for longer than standard wheelchair tires. You can also utilize heating pads or tape to melt snow and ice on the ramp prior to it builds up.