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Car seats come in a variety of shapes and sizes and shapes, but they're all designed to protect children based on their age. It is recommended that children sit in their car seat until they meet the manufacturer's weight or height limits, and then use a booster seat until their vehicle belts fit properly, typically when they attain 4 feet 9 inches in height or age 10 to 12.
When shopping for a new car seat, consider features such as fabric that can withstand stains, removable pieces that can be washed by machines, and accessories that can be cleaned.
Rear-facing
Rear-facing car seats cradle babies and toddlers, protecting their delicate spines and necks in the event of a crash. They're also safer as they spread the impact force over a larger surface area which minimizes the risk of injuries to the spinal cord.
Parents are often tempted by the idea of moving their children to a forward-facing seat before they're ready. However the American Academy of Pediatrics advises that you keep them in rear-facing for as long as possible. The manufacturer will tell you when your child is ready to transition forward-facing.
Children's head are large in relation to their body, and is still developing. This makes them vulnerable in a crash. In reality, a child's head can exert up to 25 times the force of their weight in a collision -- enough to cause a fatal injury. This is why children of the ages of 5 and under are at the greatest risk of sustaining fatal head injuries when they are in a car seat with a front view.
Many parents think that their children have stronger necks than older children, which means they'll be able to transition to an forward-facing car seat faster. But it's important to remember that a baby who is 95th percentile isn't any stronger than a 5th percentile kid, and no amount of teen push-ups can change the fact that. In the case of a car crash, the head of a larger child is likely to hit with more force, which could result in brain and spinal cord injuries.
If your child is no longer in their infant carrier seat car seat, you can convert to a convertible seat that allows them to stay rear-facing until they reach their maximum height or weight limit. Children usually reach their height limit first. So, it's crucial to follow the directions of the car seat manufacturer on when you can switch them to forward-facing mode.
When your child reaches the limit of weight or height of their convertible car seat, you'll need to place them in a booster seat. The majority of booster seats come with an integrated angle indicator that informs you that the seat is installed and ready to change to face forward. Use a booster only at the back of your vehicle and always with a seat belt (never shoulder belts) to provide the best protection for your child.
Forward-facing
Many parents are enticed by the idea of change their children's car seats when they grow older because it is more convenient. But they must keep in mind that rear facing infant car seat-facing seats are safer for children.
The fact that a child is facing forward in the car seat puts their necks at risk in the event of a crash, as the head could be thrown against the front seat and cause permanent injury to the spine. Even if a child's neck muscles are strong enough, it is still possible to experience whiplash. This is particularly true for younger children, such as infants.
A child facing the forward is more likely to strike their head against the dashboard or in front of the window in the event of the course of a crash. Depending on the nature of the crash and speed at which the car is moving the head may be pushed backwards against the seat and break the skull or spinal cord.
The current safety standards require children to remain rear-facing until they weigh 20 pounds and 1 year old. This is because children younger than one year do not have the neck strength to withstand the force in a head-on collision, which tends to be the most severe kind of accident in which automobiles are involved.
Utilizing a harness and tether while rear-facing helps to keep the kid's head stable and reduces stress on their necks. A rear-facing child will also be less prone to head injuries, as the impact is cushioned by their seat.
If you have a child younger than one year old, and they are in a convertible seat or an all in one that can be turned from rear-facing to forward-facing at any time, read the instructions provided by the manufacturer to determine if it's safe to face forward. The guidelines will explain whether or not to use a tether as well as the weight and height limits for that seat.
Once your child is at the maximum height or weight allowed by the car seat for newborn seat manufacturer, they can travel with a forward-facing seat that has a tether. When they've outgrown this, it's time to move into a booster seat.
Seat booster
There is no age limit or height at which children are safe from using booster seats. The booster seat should be used until a child's vehicle belt is properly fitted. This can occur anywhere between 8 and 13 years old.
A booster elevates a child's height so that they can sit upright in the car. It also aligns the shoulder part of the belt so that it is close to but not over the chest. The lap portion of the belt should rest across the thighs and not the stomach. Booster seats include a belt guide that helps to ensure the belt is placed correctly.
Booster seats are available with or without a rearrest. The most commonly used booster seat is the high-back that provides neck and head support for children. It's a good choice for vehicles with low seat backs, and no head rests. Backless boosters may be cheaper, but they do not provide neck or head support. Some all-in one boosters let you switch between boost and harness modes. They are suitable for children up to 65 pounds in harness mode and up to 100 pounds when used as a booster.
Some boosters are equipped with a lower anchors (LATCH) system that connects onto the lower anchors of the vehicle and a tether when one is available. Some require the car seat belt to keep them in their place. Check your vehicle's manual to see if you can use the lower anchors on your car, and also read the instructions for booster seats to learn how to use them.
Parents may be enticed to transfer their 30-pound 3-year-old child to an adult car seat since the child is growing too tall to fit in a harness seat. It's risky to "graduate" the child from a harness. If the belt is loose children could be severely injured or even killed in an accident.
Back seat
All children should be in the back seat of a vehicle for as long as they can with a child safety seat or booster seat that's been properly installed. Children who are too tall for a rear-facing car seat, or have outgrown its weight and height limits should transition to a forward-facing child restraint with a harness until they are too tall for this type of seat.
When your child is no longer able to fit in an infant car seats that swivel car seat they can be transferred to a convertible, or an all-in-one car seat that has an open rear-facing position. These seats are usually good for two years or until the child is at the maximum weight and height of the seat. Install the car safety seat in the middle of your vehicle. It is secured using the lower anchor system and seat belt.
If your child is out of their rear-facing seat, you can put them in a forward-facing restraint using a harness. Typically, these seats can be used up to 57 inches in height or until your child is at the top weight and height recommendations of the seat. The instructions from the manufacturer or the tag on the car seat will let you know the height and weight it is able to support.
All children older than 5 years old must be seated in a booster seat or a lap belt for a vehicle as much as possible. If they aren't able to, they should use the middle back seat restraint. Also, they should not sit in front if the airbag is active. Children who sit in the front seats are more likely to suffer injuries in a collision because their bodies are smaller.
It's a good idea to bring your child to a local car seat clinic or inspection station for assistance in deciding on and installing the most suitable child safety seat for them. They can also find out whether your car seat has been recalled for problems or safety concerns. You can then purchase one that fits both your vehicle and the child's height. If you're not able test a seat prior to purchasing, make sure it has a return policy.